摘要：

作为一个延绵数千年的文明大国，中国拥有厚重的史学传统。今天，技术革命和社会变迁带来历史知识生产和传播形式的根本变化，自精英而大众、自业余而专业等各种可能性大量出现，历史传播领域的内容空前丰富。然而，这同时也可能导致大众历史认知的片面与混乱，历史知识的公共传播同以教科书为代表的传统历史教育构成了竞争姿态。而大众历史文化和历史教育，向来是形成社会共识与民族凝聚力的重要环节，事关国家和社会安定团结，意义重大。对此，历史学界需要从长时段和全球视野出发，系统回应媒介变革等新现象、新问题，提供合适的概念和手段，引导公众的历史想象和历史认知，从而为凝聚文化认同贡献力量。为此，2020年7月，《探索与争鸣》编辑部与华东师范大学历史学系联合举办

“大众历史文化变革的新挑战：当代历史学何以凝聚文化认同感”圆桌会议，邀请知名专家围绕“公共史学、历史教育与文化认同”这一话题进行研讨。

葛剑雄教授认为，当前表面的“历史热”背后，存在一种史学民粹化的倾向，即民间的非专业人士通过争夺历史的解释权，为特定的商业利益或政治目的服务；对此，专业学者应坚持历史学本身的价值观和科学性，做好引领工作，充分发挥历史学的教育职能。李红岩研究员认为，历史学的专业圈之外正在自发生成公共史学的新场域，但它不是削弱而是强化了专业历史学的基础性作用。要用当代中国的马克思主义、21世纪的马克思主义来指导历史教育，要高水平地坚持和发展马克思主义，积极而科学地回应各种挑战。陈恒教授指出，要正视历史知识在人类知识中地位下降的趋势。当前历史著述的表述越来越蕴涵着某种价值取向，形形色色的世界史都有其价值寄托。我们需要培养出具有世界眼光，能够构建历史解释体系、成为世界历史学术支柱的历史学家。马敏教授指出，加强青少年历史教育，关键应重视历史教科书和课堂历史教学的主阵地、主渠道，从理论与实践两方面提升历史课程的质量，尤其要重视历史观和价值观教育，将“以史育人”“以文化人”“立德树人”落在实处。李宏图教授认为，历史教育应该基于面向全球的视角，打破自我与他者、国家和区域化、区域化和全球化相对立的思维方式，立足全球化时代的“文明标准”，从而实现历史教育的有效性和前瞻性，建立面向未来的全球性文化认同。孟钟捷教授认为，当代公众历史教育在主体界定、客体范围、传授内容、媒介选择、效果衡量等方面都呈现了新的特征。对此，应该形成一种从专业学者、“历史人”到历史爱好者再到普通人的金字塔型结构，进而营造健康发展的公共历史文化和公众历史教育全方位推进机制。王锐副教授指出，互联网最新发展背景下的历史知识平台和传播途径，呈现了当代中国青年的新历史观。这种新历史观从当代现实感出发，重新思考中国和世界近现代史。尽管存在认识稚嫩和跟风“造梗”等问题，这仍然为青年一代走向“政治成熟”提供了契机。

——主持人　叶祝弟　杨义成

Abstract:

Mass historical culture and history education have always been an important link in forming social consensus and national cohesion. In this regard, the historians need to respond systematically to new phenomena and problems such as media change from a long-term and global perspective, and provide appropriate concepts and means to guide the public’s historical imagination and historical cognition, so as to contribute to the cohesion of cultural identity.?Professor Ge Jianxiong believes that behind the current“history craze”, there is a tendency of historiography populization, that is, non professionals of the folk fight for the interpretation right of history, so as to serve specific commercial interests or political purposes. Researcher Li Hongyan believes that a new field of public history is spontaneously generated outside the professional history circle, and it strengthen the basic role of professional history. Professor Chen Heng pointed out that we should face the declining trend of historical knowledge in human knowledge. We need to cultivate historians who have world vision, can construct historical interpretation system, and can become the academic pillar of world history. Professor Ma Min pointed out that to strengthen history education for teenagers, the key is to attach importance to the main position and main channel of history textbook and classroom teaching, especially the education of history outlook and values. Professor Li Hongtu believes that history education should be based on a global perspective, realize the effectiveness and foresight of history education, and establish a global cultural identity oriented to the future. Professor Meng Zhongjie believes that we should form a pyramid structure composed of professional scholars,“historical people”, history lovers and ordinary people, so as to create a healthy development of public history culture and public history education in an all-round way. Associate Professor Wang Rui pointed out that the historical knowledge platform and transmission channels under the background of the internet present the new historical view of contemporary Chinese youth.