探索与争鸣 ›› 2020, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (9): 64-72.

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重识中国与世界(二十五) | 当代美国意识形态的极化现象及其根源

佟德志
  

  • 出版日期:2020-09-24 发布日期:2020-09-24

The Polarization of Contemporary American Ideology and Its Root

  • Online:2020-09-24 Published:2020-09-24

摘要: 从20世纪末到21世纪初,当代美国的意识形态出现了极化现象。本来二元对立的美国意识形态越来越极化,以民主党为基础的左翼自由主义强化自由贸易、女性主义、同性婚姻合法化、平等主义、全球化,与以共和党为基础的右翼保守主义形成了强烈的对比。右翼保守主义的极化则表现为贸易保护、白人至上、反同性恋、反移民、逆全球化等主张。当代美国意识形态的极化分布在各个领域,既有经济领域的民主社会主义与保守主义,也有政治领域的政党极化、精英极化和民众极化。极化的重点领域还是在文化方面,在种族、道德、宗教、教育、语言等各个领域,意识形态的极化都是非常严重的。同时,这种极化还在全球交往的层面展开,构成了意识形态极化的全方位图景。当代美国意识形态的极化有着非常复杂的根源,其中最主要的原因是自由主义的引领作用下降。

关键词: 美国, 意识形态, 极化, 自由主义, 保守主义

Abstract:

From the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, contemporary American ideology has been polarized. The original dualistic ideology is becoming increasingly polarized. Democratic-based left-wing liberalism strengthens free trade, feminism, legalization of same-sex marriage, egalitarianism, globalization, which is a strong contrast with the formation of republican-based right-wing conservatism. The polarization of right-wing conservatism is manifested in propositions such as trade protection, white supremacy, anti-homosexuality, anti-immigration, and anti-globalization. The polarization of contemporary American ideology is distributed in various fields, including democratic socialism and conservatism in the economic field, and polarization in the field of political party, elitism, and the mass. The focus of polarization is still culture. In various fields such as race, morality, religion, education, and language, the polarization of ideology is very serious. At the same time, this polarization is also unfolding at the level of global exchanges, forming an all-round picture of ideological polarization. The polarization of contemporary American ideology has very complex roots, and the interactions among ideologies is one of the important influencing factors.

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