摘要：

林震教授指出，“双碳”治理应从治理体系、治理能力和治理效能入手，提升治理现代化水平。其中，治理能力是关键。实现“双碳”的良性治理，需要切实提升系统治理、依法治理、综合治理、源头治理、科学治理和持续治理六个方面的能力。冯宗宪教授建议，中国碳减排要从碳强度指标和碳排放总量两方面结合考虑进行，按照适度超前、略留余地的要求部署碳达峰行动方案。国家对各区域碳达峰的时序应有一定的统筹安排，按照各地在全国主体功能区的地位和作用特点，提出有区别的不同要求，鼓励各区域各尽所能，采取各具特色的碳减排路径。张中祥教授指出，碳成本提高短期对企业有阵痛，但政府不应被企业可能放大的情绪所左右。中国在煤电和控煤上的立场，既要考虑遵守全球气候变化协议，也要基于本身经济发展水平和能源结构的客观现实。欧盟绿色新政中防止碳泄漏的CBAM提案，可能对中国影响最大，应引起关注。郝宇教授认为，碳减排的本质是发展权的竞争。碳排放权交易是利用市场机制推动绿色低碳发展，实现“双碳”目标的重要政策工具。现阶段我国碳市场建设的重点工作仍为总体框架的搭建，尚需细化各项管理制度和条例。沈小燕教授建议，统筹考虑碳交易和碳税两种政策手段的并行和综合应用，在进一步完善碳交易制度的同时择机开征碳税。魏文栋副教授认为，我们要厘清实现“双碳”目标对我国能源发展带来的新挑战、新要求，全力保障低碳转型与能源安全，深化和推进能源消费革命、能源供给革命、能源技术革命、能源体制革命和能源国际合作。张攀副教授提出，目标管理机制在中国国家治理体系中扮演着举足轻重的角色，为如期实现“双碳”目标，可以从碳排放目标分解子系统、碳排放数据核算子系统、碳排放目标仿真子系统和碳排放目标激励子系统四个方面入手，构建中国碳排放目标管理体系。王茹副教授指出，实现“双碳”目标过程中面临自然风险、经济风险、社会风险和政治风险四种潜在风险。要统筹有序构建“双碳”风险防控体系，包括高韧性的自然风险防控体系、基于“成本－收益”分析的经济风险防控体系、提升公共福利的社会风险防控体系、多元参与的政治风险防控体系。
——主持人　吴建南　杜运泉

Abstract:

The climate issue concerns the fate of all mankind. It is urgent for all countries to unite andparticipate in climate governance. The Chinese government has the courage to assume the responsibility of carbon emission reduction and made a solemn commitment to strive to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060. Achieving the“double carbon” goal will drive China’s economic and social development, comprehensive green transformation and systematic change. At the same time, we should also fully realize its difficulty, strengthen risk awareness, and systematically plan the path, mechanism and policy to achieve the goal.  

Professor Lin Zhen pointed out that“double carbon” governance should start with governance system, governance capacity and governance efficiency, so as to improve the level of governance modernization. Professor Feng Zongxian suggested that China’s carbon emission reduction should be considered from the aspects of carbon intensity index and total carbon emission, and the carbon peak action plan should be deployed in accordance with the requirements of moderately advanced and slightly reserved space. Professor Zhang Zhongxiang pointed out that the short-term increase of carbon cost has pain for enterprises, but it should not be affected by the emotions that enterprises may amplify. Professor Hao Yu believes that the essence of carbon emission reduction is the competition for the right to development. At present, the focus of China’s carbon market construction is still the construction of the overall framework. In addition, various management systems and regulations need to be refined. Professor Shen Xiaoyan suggested that we should comprehensively consider the parallel and comprehensive application of carbon trading and carbon tax, and choose the opportunity to levy carbon tax while further improving the carbon trading system. Wei Wendong believes that we should clarify the new challenges and requirements brought by the realization of the“double carbon” goal to China’s energy development, make effort to ensure low-carbon transformation and energy security, deepen and promote the revolution of energy consumption and energy supply, and so on. Zhang Pan proposed that the target management mechanism plays an important role in China’s national governance system. In order to achieve the“double carbon” goal on schedule, we can start from four aspects to build China’s carbon emission target management system. Wang Ru pointed out that there are four potential risks in the process of realizing the“double carbon” goal: natural risk, economic risk, social risk and political risk. We should build a“double carbon” risk prevention and control system in an overall and orderly manner.