摘要： 公共数据资源授权运营是当前公共数据开发治理的重要机制，立基于公共数据资源经营的市场化、法治化导向，特许经营作为授权运营的可选模式相比于国有资产授权经营模式具有明显的比较优势。其契合公共数据资源的公物属性，避开了公共数据资源确权的争议，专注数据"利用规则"的设计与运行。基于这一模式，在授权端，应明确特许经 营权的本质是运营主体代表数据资源管理部门行使公共数据资源持有权，并依照行政特 许实施程序设计授权运营的授权程序；在运营端，为维护、促进公共数据产品服务市场 公平竞争和健康发展，应限定运营主体专门提供"初级数据产品和技术服务"，并为其 设定平等提供义务与再开发不作为义务。

关键词: 公共数据, 授权运营, 数据开放, 特许经营, 初级数据产品和技术服务

Abstract: The authorized operation of public data resources is an important mechanism for the current development and governance of public data. Based on the market-oriented and legal-oriented operation of public data resources, franchising, as an optional model for authorized operation, has significant comparative advantages over the state-owned asset authorized operation model. It aligns with the public property nature of public data resources, avoids the complexities of determining the ownership of public data resources, and focuses on the design and operation of data “utilization rules”. Based on this model selection, at the authorization end, it should be clarified that the essence of franchising rights is that the operator exercises the holding rights of public data resources on behalf of the data resource management department and follows the authorization procedures for authorized operation designed in accordance with administrative franchising implementation procedures. At the operation end, to maintain and promote fair competition and healthy development in the market for public data product services, operators should be limited to providing “primary data products and technical services” exclusively, and be imposed with obligations of equal provision and non-action in further development.

Key words: public data, authorized operation, data openness, franchising, primary data products and technical services