摘要：

民粹主义浪潮是资本主义世界体系周期性结构危机的当代体现。对于西方国家而言，支撑其社会运转的财富不仅来自国内，也来自对边缘、半边缘地区的汲取，后者是通过世界体系实现的。世界体系的自身演进呈现周期性特征，在体系扩张时期，中心国家通过汲取其他国家源源不断的财富以实现本国的资源再分配。因此尽管资本无限积累的倾向塑造了极不平等的社会，但不断增加的福利供给往往会使普通民众忽视这些问题。而到了体系的收缩阶段，中心地区无法像之前那样汲取世界财富以支撑国内治理，各类社会矛盾便显现出来，民众日益上升的“相对剥夺感”成为政治家实施动员的基础，继而产生了以民粹主义为代表的各类“反向运动”。

关键词:

世界体系, 周期性循环, 不平等, 民粹主义

Abstract:

The prevailing populism in the West can be better understood as the manifestation of the structural crisis within the capitalist world system rather than merely as a “black swan”. For Western countries, the wealth that sustains social functioning includes not only domestic resources but also the extraction from peripheral and semiperipheral regions, which is facilitated through the world system. The historical evolution of this world system follows cyclical patterns. During the expansion, core regions continuously extract wealth from other countries to redistribute it domestically. Consequently, despite the tendency for unlimited capital accumulation which creates highly unequal social structures, the populace has often overlooked these issues due to the increasing supply of welfare. However, during the contraction, core regions are unable to extract wealth as before to sustain domestic governance, leading to the emergence of social contradictions. The rising sense of relative deprivation among the populace becomes a foundation for political mobilization, subsequently leading to the anti-systematic movements epitomized by populism.

Key words:

world system,  cyclical patterns,  inequality,  populism