摘要： 工业化一度被认为是经济现代化不可缺少的阶段，印度却绕开这一阶段实现了第三产业的繁荣。印度现代化的产业跃迁模式源于国内社会结构与全球产业链的特殊耦合：印度严重的阶层分化影响了劳动力—产业匹配结构，精英阶层无法在有效劳动力不足的情况下推动工业化，只能嵌入全球IT产业链。在这一过程中，全球化对印度经济体系的嵌入又扭曲了新兴精英的激励结构，使得他们“悬浮”于本国政治经济体系之外，天然缺乏参与国内政治、改进分配政策和缓解贫困问题的意愿和动力，成为“故乡的客居者”。印度案例丰富了国内结构与全球化耦合的新形式，其产业跃迁和阶层悬浮现象展示了后发国家现代化道路的多样性，揭示出比较现代化领域仍有巨大的探索空间和研究潜力。

关键词: 产业跃迁, 阶层悬浮, 故乡的客居者, 印度现代化, 全球化

Abstract: Industrialization was once regarded as an indispensable stage of economic modernization; however, India bypassed this phase and instead fostered a flourishing service sector. This “industrial leapfrogging” model of modernization arises from a unique coupling between domestic social structures and global production chains, giving rise to a phenomenon termed “class suspension”. The severe class stratification in Indian society has affected the matching of classes to industries, with the elite class unable to promote industrialization due to a lack of effective labor force, and thus embedding itself in the global IT industry chain. During this process, the embedding of globalization into the Indian economic system has distorted the incentives of the emerging elites, causing them to remain “suspended” over the country’s political-economic system. As a result, they inherently lack the willingness and motivation to engage in politics, to reform redistributive policies, or to alleviate poverty, thus becoming “outsiders at home”. The Indian case thus enriches our understanding of new forms of coupling between domestic structure and globalization, illustrates the diversity of modernization pathways available to late-developing countries, and suggests that comparative studies of modernization still have significant scope for further research.

Key words: industrial leapfrogging, class suspension, outsiders at home, India’s modernization, globalization