摘要： 2025年5月20日，《民营经济促进法》正式施行，其是中国首部专门关于民营经济发展的基础性法律。《民营经济促进法》的颁布与施行，在民营经济发展史上具有划时代的意义，充分彰显了党中央促进民营经济发展壮大的坚定决心，进一步向社会表明发展民营经济是党和国家一以贯之并将长期坚持的方针政策。在新的历史起点上，促进民营经济高质量发展，要切实发挥《民营经济促进法》的法律效用，推动财税、金融、产业政策等领域的配套改革，解决民营企业在现实发展中面临的痛点难点问题。近期，《探索与争鸣》编辑部与《法治社会》编辑部、广州商学院法学院联合举办“中国民营经济的高质量发展之道”圆桌会议，邀请相关领域专家，就如何以《民营经济促进法》为契机，促进我国民营经济高质量发展进行了深入探讨。 刘俊海教授指出，《民营经济促进法》在保护民营企业权益方面实现了重大的制度创新，其通过规定民营企业与国有企业平等的法律地位，加强法治政府的行政保护，以及构建多元化的争议解决机制等方式，实现了民营企业权益保护的平等化、精准化、体系化。闫海教授认为，民营企业是推动我国科技创新发展的重要力量，但其面临科技资源不足这一现实问题的制约。对此，可以通过发放科技创新券的方式，降低民营企业的科技创新成本，同时要根据科技创新券的权益凭证、普惠性、后资助及财政工具等法律定位，推进科技创新券的法治化、规范化。陈云良教授聚焦实践中小微民企融资难这一重点问题，认为应该结合《民营经济促进法》相关规定，引导金融机构提高对小微民营企业不良贷款的容忍度，解决金融机构对小微民营企业“不敢贷、不愿贷”的顽瘴痼疾。孙晋教授强调，公平竞争原则是《民营经济促进法》的基本原则。在这一原则的引领下，该法的实施重点在于构建公平竞争审查机制，确保民营企业公平参与市场竞争。同时，要加强法律规范间的有效衔接和协调，通过制度整合、规则调适、相关议题合并等方式，实现《民营经济促进法》的体系化与高质量实施。蒋红珍教授指出，当下我国的民营经济发展正居于与数字政府建设的双重国家战略交汇处。对此，要通过内外部的视角、积极与消极的双重立场辩证看待数字政府对民营经济发展的影响，进而以数字政府的有效履职作为促进民营经济发展的制度推手和监管保障。谭冰霖教授认为，政府与市场的关系问题是民营经济发展面临的永恒课题，在《民营经济促进法》实施的背景下，要通过平等开放的市场准入、积极稳健的产业政策、系统完备的信用体系、包容审慎的行政规制等举措，实现有效市场和有为政府的有机结合，为民营经济高质量发展提供制度保障。陈光教授认为，《民营经济促进法》本质上是一种回应型立法，其内含现代治理理念的要求，强调政府的服务者定位，应该围绕服务、合作、效率和责任等核心要素，采取更具针对性的举措，更好地回应民营经济发展的法律需要。唐犀教授认为，部分民营企业存在的一股独大、“熟人社会”的关系结构、监督失灵等内部问题，成为制约民营经济高质量发展的关键。对此，要以新修订的《公司法》《民营经济促进法》为指引，实现民营企业治理结构的现代化转型。

Abstract: The Private Economy Promotion Law, effective from May 20, 2025, is China’s first dedicated law aimed at promoting the private sector, establishing a legal framework to ensure fair competition and support for private economy. To promote the high-quality development of the private economy and effectively leverage the legal efficacy of the Private Economy Promotion Law, the key lies in advancing reforms in areas such as fiscal and taxation, finance, and industrial policies to address the difficult issues that private enterprises face in their real-world development. Recently, we invited experts from relevant fields to conduct in-depth discussions on how to take the Private Economy Promotion Law as an opportunity to promote the high-quality development of China’s private economy. Professor Liu Junhai pointed out that the Private Economy Promotion Law, by stipulating the equal legal status of private enterprises and state-owned enterprises, has provided equal, precise, and systematic protection of the rights and interests of private enterprises. Professor Yan Hai believes that private enterprises are an important driving force behind China’s scientific and technological innovation and development, but they are constrained by the practical issues of insufficient access to scientific and technological resources. Professor Chen Yunliang believes that financial institutions should be guided to increase their tolerance for non-performing loans to small and micro private enterprises, addressing the long-standing problem in which financial institutions are “reluctant to lend and afraid to lend” to such enterprises. Professor Sun Jin emphasized that guided by the principle of fair competition, the key focus of implementing the Private Economy Promotion Law lies in establishing a fair competition review mechanism to ensure that private enterprises can participate in market competition on an equal footing. Professor Jiang Hongzhen pointed out that it is essential to adopt a dialectical perspective on the impact of the digital government on the development of the private economy, and further leverage the effective performance of digital government functions as an institutional driver and regulatory safeguard to promote the development of the private economy. Professor Tan Binglin believes that the issue of the relationship between the government and the market is an eternal challenge for the development of the private economy. It is necessary to achieve an effective integration of an efficient market and a proactive government through measures such as equal and open market access, proactive and prudent industrial policies, a systematic and comprehensive credit system, and inclusive and cautious administrative regulations. Professor Chen Guang believes that the Private Economy Promotion Law is essentially a responsive legislation that embodies the requirements of modern governance concepts and emphasizes the government’s role as a service provider. Professor Tang Xi believes that internal governance issues within some private enterprises have become key constraints on the high-quality development of the private economy. It is essential to use the newly revised Company Law and the Private Economy Promotion Law as guidance to achieve the modernization and transformation of the governance structures of private enterprises.