公共风险识别是在特定认知路径指引下的风险认知活动。传统风险识别遵循风险客观论，以自然风险和风险中的客观因素为主要认知对象，以计算理性为认知基础，以工程技术为认知手段，形成了风险识别的技术路径。人类进入后工业社会以后，“人化风险”超过自然风险成为风险的主要内容，风险的主观化、社会化趋势日益明显，人或组织的行动和决定在风险中扮演愈来愈重要的角色，风险更多地归因于人的决定，而非外部世界。这种风险内容与结构的根本性变化导致风险识别的技术路径受到挑战，计算理性不足以应对后工业社会中风险所具有的公共性、政治性等复杂性因素，风险识别的技术路径表现出工具性、被动性、滞后性、有限性等问题。在这种情况下，需要认识到基于计算理性的风险识别技术路径所面临的后现代困境，反思风险识别的技术路径以适应风险的现代性变迁，并在此基础上探讨构建新的风险识别认知路径的可能性。

公共风险, 认知路径, 风险识别, 技术, 后现代

Traditional risk identification follows the objective theory of risk, taking natural risks and the objective factors within risks as the main objects of cognition. With computational rationality as the cognitive foundation and engineering technology as the means of cognition, it has formed a technical path for risk identification. However, in the post-industrial era, human-induced risks have overtaken natural risks as the primary concern, with a growing trend towards the subjectivity and social nature of risks. Human actions and decisions now play a central role in risk. Modern risks are more often attributed to human decisions rather than the external world. This fundamental change in the content and structure of risks has posed a challenge to the technical path of risk identification. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the postmodern dilemmas faced by the technical path of risk identification based on computational rationality, reflect on this technical path to adapt to the modern transformation of risks, and on this basis, explore the possibility of constructing a new cognitive path for risk identification.

public risk, cognitive path, risk identification, technology, postmodern