以往对技术的分析，大都是基于这样的缄默预设：技术是与人的主体相对立、不具有人的主体性的客体。但人工智能的出现，瓦解了这个预设。这对于技术社会学构成一个挑战：如何从社会学角度分析具有一定程度的主体性的人工智能机器？这需要一个新的视角。为此，可以重构吉登斯的“结构和能动的关系”理论，把“物质”加入其中，形成“结构 -物质 - 能动三角联动”的分析框架。从这一分析框架出发，可以更清楚地洞悉人工智能对“能动”和“结构”所造成的影响。在“智力物替”过程中，人工智能不但重塑了主体，而且将带来三大领域、六种类型的结构转型。

人工智能（AI）, 体力物替, 智力物替, 主体重塑, 结构转型, 人工智能社会学

Previous analyses of technology were mostly based on the tacit assumption that technology is an object opposed to human subjectivity and does not possess human subjectivity. But the emergence of artificial intelligence has shattered this assumption. This poses a challenge for the sociology of technology: how should we analyze artificial intelligence machines with a certain degree of subjectivity from a sociological perspective? This requires a new perspective. To this end, Giddens’ theory of the “relationship between structure and agency” can be reconstructed by incorporating matter into it, forming an analytical framework of “ the triangular interaction among structure, matter and agency”. Starting from this analytical framework, the impact of artificial intelligence on “agency” and “structure” can be more clearly revealed. Through the process of “intellectual substitution”, artificial intelligence not only reshapes the subject, but also brings about structural transformation.

artificial intelligence (AI), physical substitution, intellectual substitution, subject reshaping,  structural transformation, artificial intelligence sociology