摘要：

士，集中体现了中国传统文化的特性。从“士”字的古字及其释义，透出“士何以产生”的远古根源。从起源讲，原始之士拥有知识的整体性。从原始时代的士－王一体，到早期文明中王、诸侯、大夫、士的展开，这种知识的整体性一直存在。士在春秋战国的理性时代产生，促成其知识结构的进一步提升。新产生的士，在知识的新建构中形成以道之宇宙、仁之人性、法之政治、侠之社会为基点并互为补充的知识整体结构，并展开为多种多样的面向。士的特质又集中呈现为师-吏-文的统一，师与道统相连，吏由政统产生，文与审美相关。师-吏-文一体的士，在从秦汉到元明清的演进中，有着复杂的类型展开和丰富的美学呈现。从士的起源、形成、演进的特点来看中国美学的特色，或可成为中国美学史研究深入展开的一条新路。

关键词:

Abstract:

“Shi” embodies the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture. The ancient form of the Chinese character “Shi” and its interpretations reveal the ancient roots of Shi’s emergence. In terms of origin, the primitive “Shi” possessed the integrity of knowledge. From the integration of the “Shi” and the king in the primitive era to the emergence of the king, feudal lords, high-ranking officials, and “Shi” in early civilization, this integrity of knowledge has persisted. “Shi” emerged during the rational age of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, which led to a further enhancement of their knowledge structure. The newly-emerged “Shi” formed an overall and complementary knowledge structure in the new construction of knowledge, taking the cosmic Tao, benevolent human nature, political law, and chivalrous society as its cornerstones and displaying diverse facets. 

Key words:

Shi,  unity of the teacher, the official, and the literary figure,  aesthetics,  ancient origin,  historical development