摘要： 佛教人格化龙王概念的传入，为中国龙文化增添了新的生长维度。在信仰层面，受宗教、皇权以及民间社会三方面影响，从西晋到清末，龙王信仰不断扩充势力范围，深入基层社会，渗透到民俗生活的方方面面。在故事层面，龙王行雨、龙宫多宝、龙女有情等概念，不仅结合中国原有的龙神职能，丰富了龙的人格化、个性化特征，还与中国的异类婚故事、异境遇仙故事、动物报恩故事等相嫁接，既保留了佛教龙王故事最基本的原型要素，又蜕变出不同于佛教龙王故事的多种故事类型，生成了多姿多彩的龙王文化。中印文化的交流与对话、宗教文化与世俗文化的相互渗透、小说戏曲与民间故事的文本流动，都清晰地反映在龙王文化的发展和蜕变之中。
关键词:
龙文化,
四海龙王,
龙女故事,
传说学,
故事学
Abstract:
The introduction of the Buddhist concept of the personified dragon king added a new dimension to the growth of Chinese dragon culture. At the level of belief, supported by religion, imperial power and civil society, from the Western Jin Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the belief in the dragon king continued to expand its sphere of influence. At the story level, the concepts of the dragon king’s rain, the dragon palace’s many treasures, and the dragon lady’s affection not only combined with the original functions of the dragon god in China and enriched the personalized and individualized characteristics of the dragon, but also integrated them with Chinese stories of different kinds of marriages, stories of encountering fairies in different realms, and stories of repaying the kindness to the animals, etc. The exchanges and dialogues between Chinese and Indian cultures, the interpenetration of religious and secular cultures, and the textual flow of novels, operas and folktales are all clearly reflected in the development and metamorphosis of the dragon king culture.
Key words:
dragon culture
,
dragon king of the four seas
,
dragon lady story
,
legend
,
storytelling
施爱东. 一百年与二十年：百年中国文学思想史（十六）|中国故事如何生成——龙王传说在文明交流互鉴中的历史演进[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2025(7): 166-178.
Shi Aidong. The Generation of Chinese Narratives: The Historical Evolution of the Legend of the Dragon King in Civilization Exchange and Mutual Learning[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2025(7): 166-178.