摘要： 20世纪80年代以来，乡村治理延续着“乡政村治”的形态。伴随着国家治理转型，基层行政与自治单元的边界愈加模糊，形成了乡村“三元治理结构”：“乡政”构成乡村三元治理结构的第一元，村民小组“微自治”构成第二元，行政村行政与村民自治糅合构成第三元。乡村三元治理结构具备维持村庄基本秩序、调动治理主体积极性、确保国家治理任务顺利推进的积极功能；但也衍生出民众参与乡村治理渠道不畅、基层行政成本上升、资源浪费和监督异化等风险形态。对此，可以从改革村级治理事务结构、优化村级治理人员队伍和维持村庄基层社会完整等方面加以优化，驱动乡村三元治理结构迈向一种稳态的治理结构。

关键词: 基层治理, 国家治理转型, 三元治理, 乡政村治, 镇村关系

Abstract: Since the 1980s, rural governance has continued in the form of “village governance”. With the transformation of national governance, the boundaries between grass-roots administration and self-governance units have become increasingly blurred, resulting in the formation of a “triadic governance structure” in the countryside. The study found that “village governance” constitutes the first element of the triadic governance structure in the countryside, and “micro-autonomy” in the villagers’ groups constitutes the second element. In administrative villages, administration and village autonomy are combined to form the third element. The triadic rural governance structure has the positive functions of maintaining the basic order of the village, mobilizing the enthusiasm of the participants, and ensuring the smooth progress of national governance tasks. However, it has also given rise to such risks as poor channels for people to participate in village governance, rising administrative costs at the grassroots level, waste of resources, and alienation of supervision. For this reason, it can be optimized in terms of reforming the structure of village governance affairs, optimizing the team of village governance personnel and maintaining the integrity of village grassroots society.

Key words: grassroots governance, national governance transformation, triadic governance, township and village governance, township-village relationships