摘要： 近年来，一些欧盟成员国在对外政策领域出现“去欧洲化”现象。作为“欧洲化”的镜像，“去 欧洲化”表现为成员国利益的“再国家化”，对欧盟基本规范的质疑甚至反对，以及在欧 盟框架之外寻求替代性方案。从深层逻辑看，“去欧洲化”实质上是对外政策的反规范社 会化，即对“欧洲化”过程中规范社会化成果的侵蚀。推动这一进程的核心因素是民粹主 义，它既可以通过建构疑欧思潮影响对外政策，也可以在民粹政党执政后直接介入决策， 从而引发反规范社会化并推动“去欧洲化”。“去欧洲化”对欧盟对外政策的一致性与稳 定性构成了挑战。目前，中小成员国的“去欧洲化”更多体现为欧盟内部力量的平衡博弈， 尚不足以全面挑战欧盟，但已暴露出隐患。未来，法国和德国等核心国家民粹主义的走向， 将在很大程度上决定“去欧洲化”的风险是否会上升为对欧洲一体化的整体性冲击。

关键词: “欧洲化”, “去欧洲化”, 民粹主义, 欧盟对外政策

Abstract: In recent years, some EU member states have deviated from the EU’s foreign policy in certain areas, leading scholars to propose the concept of “de-Europeanisation”. The underlying logic of “de-Europeanisation” is the “anti-normative socialisation” of member states’ foreign policies, that is, the erosion of the normative socialisation mechanisms inherent in “Europeanisation”. Populism has emerged as the primary driver of this process. By constructing Eurosceptic narratives that shape foreign policy discourse or by forming populist governments that actively assert national control over foreign policy agendas, populist forces promote anti-normative socialisation and thereby accelerate “de-Europeanisation”. This trend poses substantial challenges to the coherence and stability of EU foreign policy. In the future, it is necessary to closely monitor the upward trend of populist forces within core member states such as France and Germany, as well as the potential risks of “de-Europeanisation”.

Key words: “Europeanisation”, “de-Europeanisation”, populism, EU foreign policy