摘要： 人工智能驱动的科学研究的兴起与广泛应用，向科学哲学提出了一系列重要问题：AI 驱动的科学将带来哪些新变化？如何对其进行理论定位？它是否会引发新的科学范式变革？如果会，何种范式变革将至？要回答这些问题，首先需要厘清AI 驱动的科学与理论科学的关系。经典科学哲学围绕科学的任务、界限、方法与发现逻辑等重大问题展开讨论，波普尔等科学哲学家强调科学由问题驱动，以描述和研究实在为任务，并充分阐述了观察负载理论、科学解释、因果性等议题。科学哲学理论与当代科学实践的对照研究表明，AI 驱动的科学与理论科学是一种融合互补的关系，它为科学研究提供了新工具和新方式。AI 驱动的科学目前虽然不能带来库恩意义上改变世界观的范式革命，但是从科学知识生产的方式、效率、类型乃至主体等细节看，它带来的变化也足以称得上是一种局部和弱化的科学范式变革。

关键词: AI 驱动的科学, 理论科学, 科学范式变革, 波普尔哲学

Abstract: The rise and widespread application of AI-driven scientific research have raised a series of important questions for the philosophy of science: What new changes will AI-driven science bring? How to theoretically position it? Will it trigger a new paradigm shift in science? If so, what kind of paradigm shift will it bring? To answer these questions, we first need to clarify the relationship between AI-driven science and theoretical science. Classical philosophy of science revolves around major issues such as the task, boundaries, methods, and discovery logic of science. Scientific philosophers such as Popper emphasize that science is driven by problems, with the task of describing and studying reality, and fully expound on topics such as observation-laden theory, scientific explanation, and causality. Comparative studies between the theory of philosophy of science and contemporary scientific practice show that AI-driven science and theoretical science are in a relationship of integration and complementarity, providing new tools and methods for scientific research. Although AI-driven science cannot bring about a paradigm revolution that changes worldviews in the sense of Kuhn, from the details of the way, efficiency, type, and even subject of scientific knowledge production, the changes it brings are sufficient to be considered a partial and weakened paradigm shift in science.

Key words: AI driven science, theoretical science, scientific paradigm revolution, Popper’s philosophy