摘要： 在当今西方社会发展进程中，以吸纳认知、神经为主要增殖方式的“认知资本主义”已日趋深入，导致西方政治哲学在根本上必须重新思考三重“议题”，即政治主体自由意志的丧失、政治共识的分裂与政治规范的解构。首先，政治主体被技术重构为可预测的神经行为单元，使得自由意志的选择能力逐渐丧失。其次，资本在感知层面与神经系统的深层嵌入，既干扰了人们对于共识的认知能力，还导致了共识空间的崩溃与公共领域的退化，使得人类社会性链接与公共性失去了存在的根基，进而瓦解了建立在此基础上的政治共识。最后，微观治理术与政治的科学化发展将政治重组为一套系统性技术过程，以工具理性解构了政治规范。为此，从马克思主义政治学视角看，充分规避资本对技术创新的钳制，建构新的学术体系和话语体系，才能化解认知资本主义对政治哲学的冲击，并重新找到发展方向。

关键词:

Abstract: In the development process of contemporary Western societies, cognitive capitalism, which expands mainly by absorbing cognition and neural elements, has become increasingly in-depth. This has led Western political philosophy to fundamentally rethink three “issues”, namely the loss of the political subject’s free will, the fragmentation of political consensus, and the deconstruction of political norms. First, the political subject is technologically reconstructed into predictable neural-behavioral units, resulting in the gradual loss of the ability to make free-willed choices. Second, the deep embedding of capital in the perceptual level and the neural system not only interferes with people’s cognitive ability to form consensus but also causes the collapse of consensus spaces and the degradation of the public sphere. This makes human social connections and publicness lose their existing foundations, thereby dissolving the political consensus built on them. Finally, the development of micro-governance techniques and the scientificization of politics reorganize politics into a set of systematic technical processes, which deconstruct political norms with instrumental rationality. From the perspective of Marxist political science, only by fully avoiding the constraints of capital on technological innovation and constructing new academic and discourse systems can we resolve the impact of cognitive capitalism on political philosophy and re-find the development direction.

Key words: cognitive capitalism, political philosophy, crisis, critique of capital, new directions