摘要： 21世纪以来，科技的飞速发展在为人类创造福祉的同时，也潜藏着一定风险，因此应当受到伦理和法律的规制。以基因编辑技术为例，其发展不仅可能冲击人所固有的尊严与价值，也可能引发新的优势基因选择和歧视风险。基因技术运用带来的风险是多重的，不仅涉及技术层面，同时也包括伦理和法律层面。对此，应当以风险预防原则为基础，构建相应的伦理与法律规范以应对生物安全保护的需求。可通过对象与手段两个维度划分风险等级，以确定行为属于有限允许还是完全禁止的范围。在这一原则下，搭建涵盖民法、行政法、刑法乃至未来独立的生物科技法的一体化框架，系统应对生物科技发展引发的伦理和法律风险。在规制过程中，应当注意平衡科技研究发展需求和风险预防，允许合理的风险并尊重生命伦理。

关键词: 基因编辑, 生物安全, 风险预防, 科技伦理, 非法植入编辑, 克隆胚胎罪

Abstract: Since the 21st century, the rapid advancement of science and technology, while creating benefits for humanity, has also harbored certain risks, necessitating ethical and legal regulation. Taking gene editing technology as an example, its progression not only poses potential challenges to the inherent dignity and value of humans, but also risks fostering new forms of gene selection advantages and discrimination. The risks associated with genetic technology applications are multifaceted, encompassing not only technical risks but also ethical and legal dimensions. To address this, it is imperative to establish corresponding ethical and legal norms grounded in the principle of risk prevention to cater to the demands of biosafety protection. Risks can be categorized into varying levels through two dimensions: objects and means, to ascertain whether behaviors fall within the realm of limited permission or absolute prohibition. Building upon this principle, an integrated legal framework encompassing civil law, administrative law, criminal law, and potentially a future independent biotechnology law should be constructed to systematically tackle the ethical and legal risks arising from biotechnological development. During the regulatory process, emphasis should be placed on balancing the development needs of scientific research with risk prevention, permitting reasonable risks and upholding bioethics, thereby avoiding undue impediments to the progress of human gene editing technology.

Key words: gene editing, biological safety, risk prevention principle, technology ethics, illegal implantation of edited, cloned embryo crime