探索人性必然绕不开欲望，何怀宏教授在《一个人性的分析结构》中秉持一种“批判形而上学”的哲学立场，构建了人性的六分结构，并将欲望置于人性结构极为重要也最为基础的位置。但是，他这种对欲望概念的分析并未充分展现欲望与其他人性要素的相互联系，原因在于其忽略了欲望的运动也可以是向上升华的。虽然活着是人的基本生存欲求，但是人的欲望却不仅仅是活着，伴随着人自身的发展，欲望也在不断向上发展，除却对外在物的欲求，善和好的目的论始终是人类生活中不应放弃的高尚追求。经过伦理精神的锤炼和扬弃，欲望会得以升华，最终进入“从心所欲不逾矩”的状态。

欲望, 批判形而上学, 伦理精神, 主体性

Exploring human nature inevitably involves the concept of desire. Professor He Huaihong, adhering to a philosophical stance of “critical metaphysics”, constructs a six-part structure of human nature, placing desire in a position that is both fundamental and critically important within this framework. However, this analysis of the concept of desire does not fully demonstrate the interconnections between desire and other elements of human nature, primarily because it overlooks the fact that the movement of desire can also be upward in a process of sublimation. While survival is a basic human desire, human desires are not limited to mere survival. As humans develop, their desires evolve and expand beyond the pursuit of external objects. The teleology of the good and the virtuous remains a noble pursuit that should not be abandoned in human life.