刑法法益失衡在实践中引发了包括非法经营罪等在内的大量“口袋化”现象，其根源在于法益泛化模糊刑事干预边界，立法技术缺陷诱发司法恣意，秩序优位抑制市场创新动能。这导致刑法在市场经济治理中频繁“越界”。破解之策在于引入“结构法益观”，构建“基础层（单纯秩序违反）—核心层（实质法益侵害）”的双阶识别体系，确立“法益关联性、损害实质性、监管失效性”三重审查标准，将刑事规制置于实质侵害市场自由与重大公共利益的场域。通过立法明确法益保护范围、司法实质审查法益关联、行刑协同构建全周期治理体系的三维路径，形成“自由保障优先、过罚比例适配”的规制范式，推动市场经济治理中的刑法职能从“抽象秩序管控”向“具体利益衡平”转变，在坚守谦抑性底线的同时提升刑法治理效能，为市场经济高质量发展提供法治保障。

法益, 市场经济, 口袋化, 结构法益观

The imbalance of criminal law legal interests has led to the “pocketization” phenomenon of crimes such as illegal business operations in practice. The root causes lie in the blurring of criminal intervention boundaries due to the generalization of legal interests, legislative technical defects that induce judicial arbitrariness, and the inhibition of market innovation momentum by order supremacy. This has led to the frequent “overstepping” of criminal law in the governance of the market economy. The solution lies in introducing the “structural legal interest view” and building a dual-stage identification system of “basic layer (pure order violation)-core layer (substantial legal interest infringement)”, establishing three review standards of “legal interest relevance, substantial damage, and regulatory failure”, and placing criminal regulation in the field of substantial infringement of market freedom and major public interests.

legal interest, market economy, pocketization, structural legal interest view