摘要： 这里要分析的“欲望”只是基于身体和对物质的欲望，即体欲（食色）与物欲。有身即有欲，欲望无需提倡已是事实，欲望带来勃勃生机，但欲望也是人类争斗的根源之一。食欲和色欲都是由身体生发的欲望，也都要通过“物欲”来实现。分析这几种欲望时，首先须注意欲望本身，找出比较极端的典型，考量它们在不同人群中的不同位置、强弱程度、满足方式、获得手段，比较它们之间的差异，以及它们与动物本能、社会文化、人性其他因素的关系，还有哲学家对它们的态度等。食欲和色欲都指向物，包括人身之“物”。而物欲还可以单独构成一种可不断扩张的欲望。在人类控物能力和由物控人的能力都大大提升的当代，问题将回到庄子所言：如何“物物而不役于物”。
关键词:
基本欲望,
体欲,
物欲,
物物
Abstract:
The “desires” analyzed here are solely those based on the body and material possessions. Where there is a body, there are desires; it is a fact that desires need no promotion. Desires bring vitality, yet they are also a root cause of human conflicts. Both appetite and sexual desire are desires stemming from the body, and both are realized through “material desires”. When analyzing these types of desires, it is essential to first focus on their intrinsic nature, identify their more extreme manifestations, consider their varying positions among different individuals, their intensity, methods of satisfaction, means of acquisition, and mutual comparisons, as well as their relationships with animal instincts, social culture, and other aspects of human nature, along with philosophers’ attitudes toward them. Moreover, material desires can independently constitute an ever-expanding desire.
Key words:
basic desires
,
bodily desires
,
material desires
,
ruling over things
何怀宏. 一个欲望的分析结构[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2025(7): 73-85.
He Huaihong. An Analytical Framework of Desires[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2025(7): 73-85.