摘要： 伴随着政府数字化转型，技术与组织的互动成为数字政府研究的核心议题，数字科层制也成为基于此的有益理论探索。然而，既有研究在实证上只见局部、不见整体，缺乏对数字技术介入科层制的维度和深度的清晰解析，并且理论研究也未与实证研究有效衔接，亟需一个整全、清晰、具有承前启后作用的框架，以推进数字政府研究。数字科层制起源于数字技术与科层制在理性化与效率原则上的亲和性，但二者在实现方式上存在张力，分别强调连接与分化。在结构层面，数字技术以其连接性在高度分化的科层结构上构建协同，但也不可避免地被强韧的科层结构所解构。在机制层面，数字技术显著缓解了信息困境，并改善了激励不可测、监督成本高与瞄准率低的问题，但路径依赖消解了技术嵌入的效应。在能动层面，数字技术对决策者、技术官僚与街头官僚产生了异质的赋能与限权效应，而能动者的技术驯化约束了效应的发挥。破解数字技术所面临的科层约束，需先理顺科层结构，再进行不同机制的优化与衔接，进而才能促进能动者间的良性互动。

关键词: 数字政府, 数字科层制, 组织视角, 整全性

Abstract: With the progress of government digital transformation, the interaction between technology and organization has become a core issue in digital government research, and digital bureaucracy has emerged as a valuable theoretical exploration in this context. However, existing empirical research only provides partial insights without an overall view, lacking a clear analysis of the dimensions and depth of digital technology’s integration into bureaucracy. Moreover, theoretical discussions have not been effectively linked with empirical research. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive, clear, and cumulative framework to bridge the gap between existing digital government research and future studies. Digital bureaucracy originates from the affinity between digital technology and bureaucracy in terms of rationalization and efficiency principles, yet there is tension in their implementation methods, with an emphasis on connection versus differentiation, respectively. At the structural level, digital technology, with its connectivity, builds coordination among highly differentiated bureaucratic structures but is inevitably deconstructed by the resilient bureaucratic structure. At the mechanistic level, digital technology significantly alleviates information dilemmas and improves issues such as unmeasurable incentives, high supervision costs, and low targeting rates, but path dependence diminishes the effects of technological embedding. At the agency level, digital technology has heterogeneous effects on empowering and constraining decision-makers, technocrats, and street-level bureaucrats, while the domestication of technology by agents constrains the manifestation of these effects. To overcome the bureaucratic constraints faced by digital technology, it is necessary to first rationalize the bureaucratic structure, then optimize and integrate different mechanisms, thereby promoting positive interactions among agents.

Key words: digital government, digital bureaucracy, organizational perspective, holism