摘要： 不同于谎言对真相的敌视或误导对真相的操纵，政治传播中“空说空转”的本质是对真相的漠视，其形式是空洞的公共表达与社会互动，其结果是政治言说虽在公共交往中流动，却失去事实验证的支撑，最终导致公共讨论的持续空转。“空说空转”是一个社会性过程，其政治传播结构包括不关心真相的主体、空洞无物的内容、不计较真假的受众以及难以测量的仪式性效果。政治传播中的“空说空转”可概括为四种类型：施行空说，即以言行事的空头承诺；模糊空说，即以虚代实的象征膨胀；形式空说，即知行分离的无责漫谈；数据空说，即以实证虚的科学伪装。“空说空转”凸显现代理性规范在当前政治传播中的实践困境。在这一时代症候下，以事实为底线，以本真为方向，或成为政治传播需要考量的规范起点。

关键词: 政治传播, 空说空转, 后真相, 虚假话语, “扯淡”

Abstract: Unlike lies that show hostility toward truth or deliberate misinformation that manipulates truth, the essence of “discursive idling” in political communication is indifference to the truth. It takes the form of hollow public expressions and social interactions. As a result, while political speech circulates widely in public discourse, it lacks the support of factual validation, ultimately leading to a continuous cycle of empty conversation. Discursive idling is a social process characterized by actors indifferent to truth, vacuous content, audiences unconcerned with truth, and immeasurable ritualistic effects. The phenomenon can be categorized into four types: performative idling (empty promises as symbolic acts), ambiguous idling (symbolic inflation substituting for substance), formal idling (irresponsible talk detached from action), and data idling (pseudo-scientific camouflage using an empirical veneer). Discursive idling exposes the practical dilemma of modern rational norms in political communication. In response to this phenomenon, a return to truth as the baseline and authenticity as the guiding principle may offer a starting point for the normative reorientation of political communication.

Key words: political communication, discursive idling, post-truth, false discourse, “bullshit”