摘要： 改革开放以来中国呈现出多个维度的经济转型，但绩效层面的状态转变根源于动力层面的制度变迁。市场化导向的经济体制改革、以增长导向和财政分权为核心的政府间关系、以不同领域市场化进程差异为特征的市场间关系，构成了中国制度层面经济转型的基本内容。就城乡关系而言，1978年以来中国通过对人民公社制、农产品统购统销制、户籍制度等的变革，推动了城乡关系从割裂状态走向融合状态，这种转变背后的逻辑是政府－市场关系、政府内部和市场内部的结构变动。新时代背景下，中国要依靠持续的经济转型来实现城乡关系的深度融合。这种转型需要促使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好地发挥政府作用，而且需要改进政府内部和市场内部的结构关系。经济转型需要关注政府－市场之间的嵌套关系，也需要突破政府－市场的两分框架并延伸至政府和市场内部。基于城乡关系对中国经济转型的再审视，为构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学提供了实践素材。
关键词:
经济转型,
政府－市场关系,
城乡二元结构,
城乡深度融合,
中国特色社会主义政治经济学
Abstract:
Since the Reform and Opening-up, China has started an economic transition in multiple
dimensions. The improvement of economic performance is driven by the institutional transformation,
which includes the market-oriented economic reform, the growth-oriented and fiscally-decentralized
inter-governmental relationship, and a gap of marketization process of different markets. In terms of
urban-rural relationship, China has promoted urban-rural integration since 1978, through reforming
the People’s Commune system, the state-monopolized agricultural product market, and the household
registration (Hukou) system. What behind the urban-rural integration is a structural change of
government-market, inter-governmental and inter-market relationships. In this new era, it is important for
China to deepen the urban-rural integration on the basis of sustainable economic transition. The transition
requires the market to play a decisive role and the government to play a better role in the allocation of
resources, with inter-governmental and inter-market relationships improved as well. Reviewing China’s
economic transition from the perspective of urban-rural relationship provides practical evidence for the
construction of Socialist Political Economy with Chinese Characteristics.
Key words:
economic transition,
government-market relationship,
urban-rural dualism,
urban-rural deep
integration,
socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics
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Gao Fan. From Government-market to Urban-rural Relationship: China’s Economic Transition from the
Perspective of Structural Interaction[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2019(12): 95-103.