Since modern times, China has encountered and faced two“unprecedented changes”. Taking“the state in the social relationship”as the analytical perspective, itilluminates the mechanism of the generation and response of the“unprecedented changes”. In the 19th century, as a territorial country, China entered the process of“world history”, and established its relationship with the world. The long-standing historical relationship was the basis, thus, forming the intersection and overlay between cosmopolitan China and historical China. Under the one-way globalization and the world competition system, China has been drawn into the process of globalization and encountered“the great unprecedented changes in three thousand years”. Due to the great inertia of historical relations, China was initially in a state of negative response to the great changes. Being cosmopolitan, China sought change in the great changes. After more than a hundred years of efforts, China ushered in a“great changes not seen in a century”. One-way globalization has being re-shaped. In this process, historical China was not just a negative factor.