摘要： 《共产党宣言》是马克思、恩格斯在工业资本主义兴起的背景之下对资本主义自我否定式发展趋势的判断，是对无产阶级革命道路的纲领性思考。伴随着资本主义的发展和社会主义事业的展开，可以在不同的时代背景之下重新理解《共产党宣言》与社会现实之间的内在关联。在全球资本主义危机的背景之下，西方民主政治的危机和西方世界对中国特色社会主义实践的误读是必须面对的两大现实问题。从《共产党宣言》的立场出发，一方面能够具体理解西方民主政治危机的复杂根源；另一方面也能够深入批判来自西方世界各种不同立场的对当代中国社会主义实践的误读，进一步在概念的高度上明确把握中国特色社会主义实践所具有的超越资本主义的实质意义。

关键词: 共产党宣言, 中国特色, 社会主义实践, 资本主义的转型, 民主的危机

Abstract: Communist Manifesto is the judgment of Marx and Engels on the development trend of self denial of capitalism under the background of the rise of industrial capitalism, and is the programmatic thinking of the revolutionary road of the proletariat. Under the background of the global capitalist crisis, the crisis of Western democratic politics and the misreading of the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the western world are two practical problems that we must face. From the standpoint of the Communist Manifesto, on the one hand, we can understand the complex causes of the western democratic political crisis; on the other hand, we can also deeply criticize the misreading of contemporary Chinese socialist practice from different positions in the western world, and further grasps the substantive significance of the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics beyond capitalism from the height of concept.

Key words: Communist Manifesto, Chinese characteristics, socialist practice, transformation of capitalism, crisis of democracy