摘要：

新时代劳动力返乡创业是我国城乡经济融合和社会结构转型的全新课题，对推进中国式现代化意义重大。现有文献大多忽略了返乡创业是一项复杂的社会系统工程，未能全面深入揭示新时代劳动力返乡创业的内在机制并提出整体性对策。有别于早期农民工叶落归根式的“代际性”返乡活动和乡村贤达基于慈善帮扶目的的“扶贫式”返乡创业，新时代劳动力返乡创业是一场以弥合城乡差距为主要使命并致力于乡村振兴的社会创业活动，整体呈现出规模更加庞大、主体更加多元、过程更加易变、结果更具不确定性等特征。破解新时代劳动力返乡创业“返不了”“不愿返”“干不好”“留不住”难题，应着力从城乡关系重塑、创业主体激活、创业载体完善、创业环境优化四个子系统入手，构建持续推进劳动力返乡创业的“新格局—新农人—新产业—新乡村”系统性治理框架，相关政策须着眼于返乡创业主体人力资本开发的顶层设计，更加充分发挥返乡创业大系统之间的协同作用，为全面推进乡村振兴提供人才和机制保障。

关键词:

新时代, 劳动力, 返乡创业, 治理框架, 社会创业

Abstract:

Labor force returning hometown to start their own businesses in the new era is a new issue concerning the integration of urban and rural economies and the transformation of social structure in China, which is of great significance to promoting Chinese-style modernization. Most of the existing literature ignores that returning to start business is a complex social system engineering, and fails to reveal the internal mechanism of labor force returning to start business in the new era. Different from the “generational” homecoming activities of migrant workers and the “poverty alleviation” homecoming activities of rural elites, the new era of labor force returning hometown to start business is a social entrepreneurial activity with the main mission of bridging the gap between urban and rural areas and devoting to rural revitalization. On the whole, it presents the characteristics of larger scale, more diversified entities, more variable processes and more uncertain results. In order to solve the problems of “unable to return, unwilling to return, unable to do well and unable to stay”, we should build a “new pattern-new farmersnew industries-new villages” for labor force returning hometown to start business from four sub-systems: reshaping urban and rural relationship, activating entrepreneurial entities, improving entrepreneurial carriers and optimizing the entrepreneurial environment. Relevant policies should focus on the top-level design of human capital development for returning entrepreneurs and fully leverage the synergy of the systems of returning hometown to start business, so as to provide talent and mechanism guarantees for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.

Key words:

new era,  labor force,  returning hometown to start business,  governance framework,  social entrepreneurship