摘要： 共同富裕在社会结构上的重要体现，即中等收入阶层规模的持续扩大与“橄榄型”社会的形成。当前，我国的大中城市已展现出中产社会的特点，但县域的社会结构离中产社会还有较大距离，县域中产社会的建设是共同富裕目标实现的重点和难点。综合分析多期全国性调查数据可以发现，县域中等收入阶层比例较小但规模不断扩大、地位不断稳固，主要集中在城镇地区、第三产业和市场部门；在生活方式和观念特征上具有明显的过渡性特点；城市化和市场化是塑造县域中产社会的重要动力。测算显示，虽然我国县域中产的规模增速近年有所放缓，但仍有望在本世纪中叶建成县域中产社会（中产比例大于45%）。在“十五五”规划即将开启的背景下，需要以市场的良性发育、县域数字化、“以人为中心”，积极推动县域中产规模稳定增长。

关键词: 中等收入阶层, 县域中产社会, 共同富裕, 社会结构, 城市化

Abstract: The continuous expansion of the middle-income class and the formation of an “olive-shaped society” are important manifestations of common prosperity in terms of social structure. Currently, large and medium-sized cities in China have already demonstrated the characteristics of a middle-class society, but the social structure in counties is still far from a middle-class society. Therefore, the construction of a county-level middle-class society represents both a key focus and a significant challenge in achieving the goal of common prosperity. Through a comprehensive analysis of multi-period nationwide survey data, it can be found that the proportion of the middle-income class in counties is relatively small but has been continuously expanding in scale and solidifying its status. This group is mainly concentrated in urban areas, the tertiary industry, and market sectors. In terms of lifestyle and conceptual characteristics, they exhibit obvious transitional features. Urbanization and marketization are important driving forces shaping the county-level middle-class society. Measurements show that although the growth rate of the middle-income class in counties has slowed down in recent years, it is still expected that a county-level middle-class society (with a middle-class proportion greater than 45%) will be established by the middle of this century. Against the backdrop of the upcoming “15th Five Year Plan”, it is necessary to actively promote the stable growth of the county-level middle-class population through the healthy development of the market, county-level digitalization, and a “people-centered” approach.

Key words: middle-income class, county-level middle-class society, common prosperity, social structure, urbanization