摘要： “反贫困”是第二次世界大战以来伴随着社会发展而形成的一个发展运动。中国社会在发展意义上讨论“贫困”概念，是20世纪80年代以后出现的论题。早期的“贫困”定义多从单一经济维度出发。实际上，贫困还是一种系统性的生存结构、社会结构和文化结构现象，可以归纳为资源性贫困、制度性贫困和文化性贫困。随着我国“脱贫攻坚战”取得全面胜利，“后扶贫时代”开启，扎实推进全体人民共同富裕，需要挑战一个新的命题——“贫困三角形”。换言之，彻底消除系统性的贫困问题，不仅要增加贫困人群的收入，还要以人类发展的视角，从根本上挑战资源性贫困、制度性贫困与文化性贫困构成的“贫困三角形”，建立若干打破“贫困三角形”的人类发展原则。其具体包括增强可行能力、文化生态可持续发展、城乡协调发展、主体赋权参与和公平权利、共生合作避免制度性剥夺、激发内生动力六条原则。

关键词: 贫困三角形, 资源性贫困, 制度性贫困, 文化性贫困, 共同富裕, 人类发展

Abstract: “Anti-poverty” initiatives have formed a development movement that has evolved alongside social progress since World War II. The concept of “poverty” as discussed in the context of China’s social development is a relatively “new” phenomenon that emerged in the 1980s. Initially, poverty was primarily defined from a single economic perspective, being characterized as falling below a certain societal income standard. However, in reality, poverty represents a systemic phenomenon that encompasses survival structures, social structures, and cultural structures, which can be classified into three types: resource poverty, institutional poverty, and cultural poverty. In this regard, the complete eradication of systemic poverty involves more than just increasing the income of the impoverished. It requires fundamentally breaking the “poverty triangle” formed by resource poverty, institutional poverty, and cultural poverty from the perspective of human development. This necessitates the establishment of several human development principles aimed at dismantling the “poverty triangle”. These principles include enhancing capabilities, promoting sustainable cultural ecology, empowering participants in urban-rural coordinated development with equitable rights, fostering symbiotic cooperation to prevent institutional deprivation, and stimulating endogenous motivation.

Key words: poverty triangle, resource poverty, institutional poverty, cultural poverty, common prosperity, human development