摘要： 我国正经历中度老龄社会加速演进期，人口年龄结构变迁与经济社会架构适配滞后的矛盾日益凸显，传统“养老”治理范式的效能在代际资源零和博弈、财政可持续性承压、人力资本配置失衡等结构性挑战中逐渐弱化。破解这一困局亟需站在老龄社会治理的更高维度上，重构积极应对人口老龄化的认知框架与治理逻辑。作为农耕文明制度遗产的“养老”语义模型，通过单向资源输送将老年群体固化为社会负担，其垂直权力关系与年龄分割逻辑加剧了劳动力市场年龄排斥与老年社会参与剥夺，并有损代际公平。而“为老”的积极意涵重构了老龄社会价值认知，通过水平互动网络以主体赋权激活老年人力资源和人力资本，将长寿红利嵌入全龄友好社会，推动老龄社会治理从成本控制转向机遇开发，促进代际均衡发展和治理现代化。践行“为老”的新叙事逻辑，亟需以积极老龄观为核心推进认知重构，围绕“一老一中一小”促进人口高质量发展的全人群和全生命周期政策框架，在银发经济驱动下推进“为老”全方位治理革新，及时抓住机会窗口，将人口年龄结构压力转化为可持续发展动力。

关键词: 人口老龄化, 人口高质量发展, 银发经济, 人口红利, 养老, 为老

Abstract: China is going through an accelerated phase of moderately aging society. The contradiction between the shift in population age structure and the lagging adaptation of the economic and social framework has become increasingly prominent. The efficacy of the traditional “providing for the aged” governance paradigm has gradually diminished amid structural challenges such as the intergenerational zero-sum game for resources, pressure on fiscal sustainability, and imbalances in human capital allocation. To break out of this predicament, it is imperative to adopt a higher-level perspective on aging society governance and reconstruct the cognitive framework and governance logic for actively addressing population aging. As an institutional legacy of agrarian civilization, the semantic model of “providing for the aged” reduces the elderly population to a social burden through one-way resource transfer. Its vertical power dynamics and age-based segmentation logic exacerbate age discrimination in the labor market and deprive the elderly of social participation, undermining intergenerational equity. In contrast, the positive connotations of “for the aging society” reshape the value perception of an aging society, activate the human resources and capital of the elderly through horizontal interactive networks with subject empowerment, integrate the longevity dividend into an age-friendly society for all ages, shift the focus of aging society governance from cost containment to opportunity exploitation, and foster intergenerational balanced development and modernized governance. To implement the new narrative logic of “for the aging society”, it is urgent to promote cognitive reconstruction centered on a positive view of aging, establish a comprehensive policy framework for high-quality population development that encompasses all age groups and life cycles around “the elderly, middle-aged individuals, and children”, drive all round governance innovation for “the aging society” through the silver economy, seize the window of opportunity promptly, and transform the pressure of population age structure into a driving force for sustainable development.

Key words: population aging,  high-quality development of population,  silver economy,  demographic dividend,  providing for the aged,  for the aging society