摘要： 重审自由主义与社群主义之间持续多年的规范性争论可以发现，在数字化与全球流动塑造的“复数”社群现实中，无论是自由主义依赖的制度中立，还是社群主义强调的文化承认，均暴露出整合乏力的局限。新的制度构想亟待探索。借助吉登斯的现代性理论，可以提出“反思性—多重归属”的身份逻辑，从而揭示当代个体如何在多元社群之间展开认同实践。应对复数社群的现实已非纯粹的伦理选择问题，而成为现代社会制度设计中无法回避的治理难题。基于此，本文批判性地检视现有范式的局限，尝试在理论语言与现实困境之间搭建桥梁，主张政治哲学应从价值高下的规范争议，转向制度建构的可行性路径，探索一种可容纳差异、激发团结的“整合性共同体”框架。

关键词: 现代性, 自由主义, 社群主义, 反思性身份

Abstract: A reexamination of the normative debate between liberalism and communitarianism, which has persisted for many years, reveals that in the “plural” community reality shaped by digitalization and global mobility, both the institutional neutrality relied upon by liberalism and the cultural recognition emphasized by communitarianism exhibit limitations in integration. New institutional concepts urgently need to be explored. Drawing on Giddens’ theory of modernity, we can propose a “reflective-multiple belonging” identity logic to reveal how contemporary individuals engage in identity practices among diverse communities. Addressing the reality of plural communities is no longer a matter of ethical choice, it is an unavoidable governance challenge in the design of modern social institutions. Based on this, critically examining the limitations of existing paradigms, we attempt to build a bridge between theoretical language and practical dilemmas, advocating that political philosophy should shift from normative disputes over value hierarchies to feasible paths of institutional construction, and explore a framework of “integrative community” that can accommodate differences and inspire unity.

Key words: modernity, liberalism, communitarianism, reflective identity