摘要： 中国社会福利的不平衡发展，表现为福利资源的配置在城乡之间、职业之间和地域之间的差异。社会福利资源配置因个体社会身份（城乡、职业）的不同而导致的差异可以概念化为“福利距离”，而其在不同地区之间的平等程度则可以用“地域正义”概念进行考量。社会福利不平衡发展的机理可以用“福利距离”和“地域正义”两个概念来加以解释。尽管新世纪以来社会政策的扩展通过覆盖面扩大、制度整合以及空间均衡缩小了群体间和地区间的福利差距，但“福利距离”和“地域不正义”的遗绪依然明显，在一定程度上制约了社会福利制度对人民日益增长的美好生活需要的满足。对此，可以在“社会中国”的理念下，强化“社会公民身份”和“人类需要本位”的政策理念，创新社会政策，不断调整“福利距离”，提升“地域正义”，从而实现社会福利的平衡发展。

关键词: 福利距离, 地域正义, 社会中国, 社会政策, 不平衡发展

Abstract:  The unbalanced development of China’s social welfare is manifested in the differences in the allocation of welfare resources between urban and rural areas, occupations and regions. The difference of social welfare resource allocation caused by individual social identity can be conceptualized as “welfare proximity”, while its equality degree between different regions can be considered by the concept of “territorial justice”. The mechanism of unbalanced development of social welfare in China can be explained by the concepts of “welfare proximity” and “territorial justice”. Although the expansion of social policy since the new century has narrowed the welfare gap between social groups and regions through the expansion of coverage, institutional integration and spatial balance, the legacy of “welfare proximity” and “territorial injustice” is still obvious, which restricts the social welfare system to meet the growing needs of the people for a better life. In this regard, under the concept of “social China”, we can strengthen the policy concepts of “social citizenship” and “human needs standard”, innovate social policies, constantly adjust the “welfare proximity” and promote “territorial justice”, so as to realize the balanced development of social welfare.

Key words: welfare proximity, territorial justice, social China, social policy, unbalanced development