摘要：
在有关认知增强的讨论中，学者们普遍诉诸规范性概念来评判某项技术是否应当被发展或者被应用，然而其中存在的一种二律背反的境况是，某些概念能够同时提供支持和反对的理由。这种概念上的歧义性实则源于规范性判断的多元主义本质：为应对不同的规范性管理问题，同一个规范性概念能够在不同的规范性系统内被使用。据此，一种规范多元主义的理论要求我们在评价特定的认知增强技术时区分不同规范性系统下的理由类型，并且在政策上采取一种相适应的多元主义方案。
关键词:
Abstract:
In the debates concerning cognitive enhancement, scholars assess whether it ought to develop or apply a sort of technology generally appeal to normative concepts. A kind of antinomy inside this discussion is that some concepts could offer reasons to support and oppose cognitive enhancement at the same time. This ambiguity of concepts derives from the pluralist nature of normative judgments: in order to cope with different problems of normative governance, the same normative concept could be used in different normative systems. In light of this, a theory of normative pluralism would require us to make distinctions between types of reasons in different normative systems, and adopt policy pluralism accordingly.
Key words:
余天放.
·增强技术与人类未来·|认知增强的规范性：多元主义本质及其导向[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2023(11): 66-74.
Yu Tianfang.
The Normativity of Cognitive Enhancement: Pluralist Nature and Its Orientation
[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2023(11): 66-74.