摘要： 自由与共同善之间的张力，构成了现代政治哲学的核心难题。自由主义与社群主义等当代论争，往往将个体权利的优先性与共同体价值的至上性置于非此即彼的对立境地，难以真正纾解现代人的生存困境。人的存在本身兼具个体性与社会性双重向度。这既构成了“非社会的社会性”困境的根源，也为超越该困境提供了内在动力。一种兼容性方案的真正出路不在于择一而从，而在于构建一种能同时安顿个体自由与群体价值的联合形态，即通过表征合法则自由的政治与伦理共同体之建构与不断改良，在持续创造人类联合新形态的进程中捍卫人的尊严并趋向共同善的理想图景。系统阐释这一兼容性方案，将为平衡个体自由与共同发展提供规范性基础，也为应对全球化时代人类联合的脆弱性开拓新的理论视阈与实践进路。

关键词: 共同体, 自然, 自由, 共同善, 康德

Abstract: The tension between freedom and the common good constitutes the core dilemma of modern political philosophy. Contemporary debates, such as those between liberalism and communitarianism, often place the priority of individual rights and the supremacy of community values in an either-or opposition, making it difficult to truly alleviate the existential predicament of modern people. Human existence inherently possesses the dual dimensions of individuality and sociality, which not only form the root of the “unsocial sociability” dilemma but also provide the internal driving force to transcend this dilemma. A compatible solution argues that the real way out does not lie in choosing one over the other, but in constructing a form of unity that can accommodate both individual freedom and group values simultaneously—that is, through the construction and continuous improvement of political and ethical communities that characterize law-governed freedom, in the process of continuously creating new forms of human association, defend human dignity and move towards the ideal vision of the common good. A systematic elaboration of this compatible solution will provide a normative foundation for balancing individual freedom and common development, and also open up new theoretical perspectives and practical approaches to address the fragility of human association in the era of globalization.

Key words: community, nature, freedom, common good, Kant