摘要： 在全球多元价值长期共存、文明交流互鉴日益频繁的今天，如何在承认身份差异的同时实现人类共同价值，如何在尊重文化多样性的同时发展社会主义文化思想，是时代的重大问题。罗尔斯和科恩开启了探讨分配正义问题的思潮，但他们应对现代社会多元性挑战的努力却并未引起学界重视。无论是早期从道德观念考量还是晚期从政治观念入手，罗尔斯的正义理论都试图在搁置差异的基础上获得共识，通过平等对待的方式，不同的个体获得了各自追求善生活的自由。与罗尔斯不同，科恩相信人和人的平等基于值得珍视的人际关系，正义的实现在于人们对社会主义信念的践行。科恩的正义观并非对罗尔斯正义观的平等激进化，而是提出了一种前瞻性思路：“关系”比“冲突”更值得重视，“责任”与“权利”同样重要。这也为从哲学层面理解文明交流互鉴何以超越文明隔阂冲突提供了启示。

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Abstract:

In today’s world where diverse values have long coexisted and civilizational exchanges and mutual learning are becoming increasingly frequent, how to achieve common human values while acknowledging identity differences and how to develop socialist cultural ideas while respecting cultural diversity are major issues of the times. Rawls and Cohen initiated the trend of thought on exploring the issue of distributive justice, but their efforts to respond to the challenges of modern societal diversity have not received much attention from the academic community. Whether considering from moral concepts in the early stage or political concepts in the later stage, Rawls’ justice theory attempts to reach a consensus on the basis of setting aside differences. Through equal treatment, different individuals obtain the freedom to pursue a good life. Unlike Rawls, Cohen believes that the equality between people is based on cherished interpersonal relationships, and the realization of justice lies in people’s practice of socialist beliefs. Cohen’s view of justice is not an equal radicalization of Rawls’ view of justice, but rather proposes a forward-looking idea: “relationships” are more worthy of attention than “conflicts”, and “responsibilities” are as important as “rights”. This also provides us with inspiration on how to understand from a philosophical perspective how civilizational exchanges and mutual learning can transcend civilizational barriers and conflicts.

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