摘要：
智能时代，技术的快速发展将人工智能的伦理之思推向前沿。人工智能的伦理镜像包含不同的层次：低层次伦理冲突和高层次伦理需要。其中，低层次伦理冲突表现为个体生存发展风险和类群体生存发展风险；高层次伦理需要表现为低层次的社会需要和高层次的自由全面发展的类需要。人工智能发展风险在区分层次的基础上可以制定清晰的应对措施。在理论层次视域下，应从人类个体和人类整体两个层次透视人工智能伦理风险并依据层次上的差异采取不同的应对策略。应对低层次个体伦理冲突，一是可以通过技术手段和政策手段，二是着眼于转变观念和创新学习的双重视角。应对人的类层次的发展风险须从人类进化和人类需要的高度进行思想解放。对于高层次的伦理需要则要从提升社会发展水平、实现人类期望、满足信息需要以及人类解放等视角进行阐释。
关键词:
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理论层次｜人工智能｜伦理风险｜应对措施
Abstract:
In the era of intelligence, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has pushed the ethical thinking of artificial intelligence to the forefront. The ethical mirror image of artificial intelligence contains different levels: the low-level ethical conflict is manifested in the risk of individual survival and development, as well as the risk of group survival and development; the high-level ethical needs are manifested as low-level social needs and high-level free all-round development needs. The development risk of artificial intelligence will have clearer countermeasures on the basis of distinguishing levels. From the perspective of theoretical level, it analyzes the ethical risk of artificial intelligence from the two levels of human individual and human whole, and adopts different coping strategies according to different levels.
Key words:
theoretical level｜artificial intelligence｜ethical risk｜countermeasure
李梅敬.
理论层次视域下人工智能发展风险的伦理应对
[J]. 探索与争鸣, 2021(8): 167-176.
Li Meijing.
Ethical Response to the Development Risk of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Theoretical Level[J]. Exploration and Free Views, 2021(8): 167-176.